Grading systems in the United States date back to the 17th century, beginning in higher education. Grades have shown student achievement, progress towards grade-level learning standards, and process or conduct and effort. Grading is a small part of a much bigger picture, leading to learning.
Grading focusing on student achievement and specific learning standards within each academic subject has become popular in public education. In education, learning standards represent the educational goals of teaching and learning. Standards-based education has been centered around the idea that learning standards were established on specific knowledge and skills that all students should be able to know and perform as a result of their education. The standards-based grading system is a practice that bases students’ grades on their performance of clearly defined learning objectives rather than completing assignments and tests or accumulating points. A student’s grades should reflect only what a student knows and can do.
Moreover, grades provide feedback, document progress toward grade-level learning standards, and assist teachers in making decisions about students' instructional needs. Research states that grades should reflect students’ performance based on specific learning criteria. Standards-based grading systems should reflect what students know, understand, and can do.
